Relaton

Information models

Specific categories

Conventions specific to bibliographic categories in Relaton

Specific categories of information resource

Electronic information resources

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.3

System requirements are modelled as a note, prefixed with "`System requirements`:".

Note
 Detailed system requirements are less commonly expressed now for software than they were in the 1990s and 2000s.

URLs should not be broken at the end of a line: that is a rendering requirement, not an information modelling requirement.

As discussed in Categories of information resource, where possible, a more specific category should be used than "electronic resource", which is properly a description of a medium and not a resource type; monographs and journals are now routinely published online.

The specific type of electronic resource, if not covered by bibitem/@type (e.g. "book", "dataset"), should be given as medium/genre.

Example 1. Examples of citing an electronic information resource

Ubisoft. Far Cry 5 [computer game]. 2018. Viewed: 2018-05-10. System requirements: CPU: Intel Core i5-2400 | AMD FX-6300 @ 3.5 GHz or better (minimum); Intel Core i7-4770 @ 3.4 GHz | AMD Ryzen 5 1600 @ 3.2 GHz or equivalent (recommended). RAM: 8 GB. OS: Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 (64-bit versions only). VIDEO CARD: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670 | AMD R9 270 (2GB VRAM with Shader Model 5.0 or better) (minimum); NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 or AMD R9 290X (4GB VRAM with Shader Model 5.0 or better) (recommended).

<bibitem type="software">
  <title>Far Cry 5</title>
  <date type="published"><on>2018</on></date>
  <date type="accessed"><on>2018-05-10</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author"/>
    <organization>
      <name>Ubisoft</name>
    </person>
  </organization>
  <contributor>
    <role type="publisher"/>
    <organization>
      <name>Ubisoft</name>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <medium>
    <genre>computer game</genre>
  </medium>
  <note>System requirements: CPU: Intel Core i5-2400 | AMD FX-6300 @ 3.5 GHz or better
(minimum); Intel Core i7-4770 @ 3.4 GHz | AMD Ryzen 5 1600 @ 3.2 GHz or equivalent (recommended).
RAM: 8 GB. OS: Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 (64-bit versions only).
VIDEO CARD: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670 | AMD R9 270 (2GB VRAM with Shader Model 5.0 or better) (minimum);
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 or AMD R9 290X (4GB VRAM with Shader Model 5.0 or better) (recommended).</note>
</bibitem>

Cartographic material

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.4

The projection, prime meridian, orientation, and reference systems (such as grids and navigational lattices) are given as notes. The spectral characteristics of the sensor, details of the satellite systems, and the amount of cloud cover are also given as notes. Details of the creator’s role are given in bibitem/contributor/role.

Berner, L.T., P.S.A. Beck, M.M. Loranty, H.D. Alexander, M.C. Mack, and S.J. Goetz. Siberian Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass and Fire Scar Maps, Russia, 1969-2007. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1321

<bibitem type="map">
  <title>Siberian Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass and Fire Scar Maps, Russia, 1969-2007</title>
  <date type="published"><on>2016</on></date>
  <docidentifier type="DOI">10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1321</docidentifier>
  <uri>https://daac.ornl.gov/VEGETATION/guides/Siberian_Biomass_Wildfire.html</uri>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">
    <person><name><completeName>Berner, L.T.</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">
    <person><name><completeName>Beck, P.S.A.</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">
    <person><name><completeName>Loranty, H.D.</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">
    <person><name><completeName>Mack, M.C.</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">
    <person><name><completeName>Goetz, S.J.</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="publisher"/>
    <organization>
      <name>Oak Ridge National Laboratory</name>
      <subdivision>Distributed Active Archive Center</subdivision>
      <abbreviation>ORNL DAAC</abbreviation>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <medium>
    <form>map</form>
    <size>col. 68 x 69 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm.</size>
    <scale>1:62500</scale>
  </medium>
  <note>Type: Projected
Projection: Albers_Conic_Equal_Area
Geographic Coordinate Reference:  WGS 1984
Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Extent: North: 69.8980555555556 South: 64.4575 West: 155.931944444444 East: 166.474444444444</note>
<note>Satellites:
Biomass Mapping: WorldView-1 (WV-1), Landsat 5 TM
Fire Scar Mapping: Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 1–3 MSS</note>
  <place>Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA</place>
</bibitem>

Films, videos and broadcasts

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.5

If a single contributor is to be singled out as the creator of a resource, they are assigned the bibitem/contributor/role@type of “author”. Otherwise, if the resource is treated as a collaborative effort, the various contributors should be listed with bibitem/contributor/role@type of “performer”, with their contributions differentiated in the bibitem/contributor/role.

Programmes within a series have the series modelled as a bibitem/series. The title of the series is modelled as bibitem/series/title, and the title of the episode as bibitem/title. The transmitting organisation and channel are modelled as a contributor of type “distributor”.

If an audiovisual resource is a contained item, the bibitem/extent gives its location within the host item; this is typically a timestamp for visual material, and a timestamp or a track for audio material.

The Death of Stalin. Directed by Armando Iannucci. 2017.

<bibitem type="film">
  <title>The Death of Stalin</title>
  <date type="published"><on>2017</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="performer">Directed by</role>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Iannucci</surname>
        <forename>Armando</forename>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
</bibitem>

Armando Iannucci. The Death of Stalin. 2017.

<bibitem type="film">
  <title>The Death of Stalin</title>
  <date type="published"><on>2017</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">Directed by</role>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Iannucci</surname>
        <forename>Armando</forename>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
</bibitem>

Columbo, Season 7, Episode 5. The Conspirators. Teleplay by Howard Berk. NBC. 1978-05-13.

<bibitem type="audiovisual">
  <title>The Conspirators</title>
  <date type="transmitted"><on>1978-05-13</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="performer">Teleplay by</role>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Berk</surname>
        <forename>Howard</forename>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="distributor"/>
    <organization>
      <name>NBC</name>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <series>
    <title>Columbo</title>
    <number>Season 7</number>
    <partnumber>Episode 5</partnumber>
  </series>
</bibitem>

Graphic Works

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.6

The fuller description of a contributors role under bibitem/contributor/role allows for Latin role descriptions such as pinxit and sculpsit.

[Tent of Darius] C. Le Brun pinxit. S. Gribelin sculpsit. [painting]. 1702. At: Musée du Louvre, Inv. 2896.

<bibitem type="graphical work">
  <title>[Tent of Darius]</title>
  <date type="created"><on>1702</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">pinxit</role>
    <person><name><completeName>C. Le Brun</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">sculpsit</role>
    <person><name><completeName>S. Gribelin</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <medium>
    <form>painting</form>
  </medium>
  <accessLocation>Musée du Louvre, Inv. 2896.</accessLocation>
</bibitem>

Music

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.7

  • Serialisation: bibitem/contributor/role

Librettists and composers are both contributors of role type "author"; the role of composer and librettist needs to be differentiated in the contributor role for proper rendering.

The type “music” covers both music scores and music recordings, as is done in ISO 690. The two are differentiated in medium; following the practice in ISO 690, medium/content "notated music" is used for music scores, while medium/carrier is used for recordings (audio disc = CD, online resource). While it is possible to cite music in the abstract, without referencing either a score or a recording (especially if the score is not published), this is not good practice, for the same reason that particular editions are required for citation of textual works.

ADAMS, John Coolidge. Nixon in China. Libretto by Alice GOODMAN. 2004 [1987]. Vocal score. New York: Boosey & Hawkes.

<bibitem type="music">
  <title>Nixon in China</title>
  <date type="created"><on>1987</on></date>
  <date type="published"><on>2004</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">composer</role>
    <person><name><completeName>John Coolidge ADAMS</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">libretto by</role>
    <person><name><completeName>Alice GOODMAN</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="publisher">
    <organization><name>Boosey &amp; Hawkes</name></organization>
  </contributor>
  <medium>
    <content>notated music</content>
    <genre>vocal score</genre>
  </medium>
  <place>New York</place>
</bibitem>

ADAMS, John Coolidge. Nixon in China. Libretto by Alice GOODMAN. 2009. Marin Alsop (Conductor). Colorado Symphony Orchestra. [Audio CD]. 3 CDs. Naxos.

<bibitem type="music">
  <title>Nixon in China</title>
  <date type="created"><on>1987</on></date>
  <date type="published"><on>2004</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">composer</role>
    <person><name><completeName>John Coolidge ADAMS</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author">libretto by</role>
    <person><name><completeName>Alice GOODMAN</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="performer">conductor</role>
    <person><name><completeName>Marin ALSOP</completeName></name></person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="performer"/>
    <organization><name>Colorado Symphony Orchestra</name></organization>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="publisher">
    <organization><name>Naxos</name></organization>
  </contributor>
  <medium>
    <carrier>audio disc</carrier>
  </medium>
  <place>New York</place>
  <extent type="locality:CD">
    <referenceTo>3</referenceTo>
  </extent>
</bibitem>

Patents

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.8

Patents are encoded similarly to contributions within a serial (ISO 690, 5.2), with the series designation for the patent preceded by the country name or code. The date of application is encoded as a date of type “issued”.

Green, Martin Andrew. Artificial amorphous semiconductors and applications to solar cells. Australia, [Patent] application number 2005238988. Appl: 2005-04-29.

<bibitem type="patent">
  <title>Artificial amorphous semiconductors and applications to solar cells</title>
  <date type="issued"><on>2005-04-29</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author"/>
    <person>
      <surname>Green</surname>
      <forename>Martin</forename>
      <forename>Andrew</forename>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <series>
    <title>Australia, [Patent] application number</title>
    <number>2005238988</number>
  </series>
</bibitem>

Archival materials

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.10

The fonds or collection of an archival item is modelled as a series. The box and folder number is encoded as an access location. The reference code is encoded as an identifier. The archive is encoded as a contributor of type "distributor" (since the archive makes the resource available, even if to a restricted public).

HICKS, H. D. Correspondence from Henry Davies Hicks to the Annapolis County electorate. [1956-10-24]. MS-2-511, Box 15, Folder 9. Henry Davies Hicks fonds. At: Dalhousie University Archives, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

<bibitem type="archival">
  <title>Correspondence from Henry Davies Hicks to the Annapolis County electorate</title>
  <docidentifier type="reference code">MS-2-511</docidentifier>
  <date type="created">1956-10-24</date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author"/>
    <person>
      <surname>Hicks</surname>
      <formatted-initials>H. D.</formatted-initials>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="distributor">archive</role>
    <organization>
      <name>Dalhousie University Archives</name>
      <address>
        <city>Halifax</city>
        <state>Nova Scotia</state>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </address>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <series>
    <title>Henry Davies Hicks fonds</title>
  </series>
  <accessLocation>Box 15, Folder 9</accessLocation>
</bibitem>

Datasets

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.11

The organisation publishing or producing the dataset is modelled as a publisher; the organisation hosting the dataset in a repository is modelled as a distributor. Data compilers, editors, investigators, and data managers are all modelled as editors. Timestamps are modelled as extents; queries wherever possible should be entered as URIs. Where that is not possible, the description of the necessary query to access the required data subset should be presented as an accessLocation.

MILBERGER, S. (2002). Evaluation of violence against women with physical disabilities in Michigan, 2000–2001 (ICPSR version) [dataset] [data in several file formats and codebook/questionnaire in PDF]. Detroit: Wayne State University [producer]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor

<bibitem type="dataset">
  <title>Evaluation of violence against women with physical disabilities in Michigan, 2000–2001</title>
  <date type="created">2002</date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="editor"/>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Milberger</surname>
        <formatted-initials>S.</formatted-initials>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="publisher">producer</role>
    <organization>
      <name>Wayne State University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Detroit</city>
      </address>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="distributor">repository</role>
    <organization>
      <name>Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</name>
      <address>
        <city>Ann Arbor</city>
        <state>MI</state>
      </address>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <version>
    <draft>ICPSR version</draft>
  </version>
  <note>data in several file formats and codebook/questionnaire in PDF</note>
</bibitem>

LEUPRECHT [et al.]. tas_CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5_RCP4.5_r1i1p1_CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17, [dataset]. Version 2. [Subset used: January to June 2014]. Vienna, Austria. CCCA Data Centre [distributor], 2016. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11756/93887ecf. [accessed 2017-06-28].

<bibitem type="dataset">
  <title>tas_CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5_RCP4.5_r1i1p1_CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17</title>
  <docidentifier type="handle">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11756/93887ecf</docidentifier>
  <date type="created">2016</date>
  <date type="accessed">2017-06-28</date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="editor"/>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Leuprecht</surname>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <role type="editor"/>
    <person>
      <name>
        <completename>et al.</completename>
      </name>
    </person>
  </contributor>
    <contributor>
    <role type="distributor"/>
    <organization>
      <name>CCCA Data Centre</name>
    </organization>
  </contributor>
  <version><draft>Version 2</draft></version>
  <place>Vienna, Austria</place>
  <extent type="time">
    <referenceFrom>January 2014</referenceFrom>
    <referenceTo>June 2014</referenceTo>
  </extent>
</bibitem>

Social Media

  • Source: ISO 690, 5.12

Social media items are typically items of bibitem/@type webresource, although they may not always have an associated exposed URI (particularly for social media accessed primarily via phone app, rather than web browser). As with ISO 690, a distinction is made between items publicly available (or at least, broadcast to a defined group of people), and one-on-one text messages; the latter are conflated with voice and face-to-face communications between individuals, and are cited as personal communications.

A person’s real name may be related to the online identity assumed by the author of the item, if both are known. The online identity is treated as a pseudonym of the real life identity, and is serialised in the same way (variantnames).

The particular form of social media communication (e.g. blog post, forum post, tweet, message) should be given through medium/genre. At a lower priority, the service name or type should be encoded as medium/form, since it relates to how the content is to be accessed by an intermediary app. (For example, a tweet is not just accessed by a web browser, as a web resource; it is accessed and rendered by a web browser in the context of Twitter.)

GATES, B. [BillGates]. (2013, February 26). #Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me & @FCBarcelona as we work to finish the job and #EndPolio. [Tweet]. Available from: https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/306195345845665792. [viewed 2016-07-06T12:30:15+02:00]. See also VIDEO: http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy.

<bibitem type="social_media">
  <title>#Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me & @FCBarcelona as we work to finish the job and #EndPolio</title>
  <date type="published"><on>2013-02-26</on></date>
  <date type="accessed"><on>2016-07-06T12:30:15+02:00</on></date>
  <contributor>
    <role type="author"/>
    <person>
      <name>
        <surname>Gates</surname>
        <initial>B.</initial>
      </name>
      <variant type="username">
        <completename>BillGates</completename>
      </variant>
    </person>
  </contributor>
  <uri>https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/306195345845665792</uri>
  <medium>
    <form>Twitter</form>
    <genre>tweet</genre>
  </medium>
  <relation type="hasComplement">
    <bibitem type="video">
       <uri>http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy</uri>
    </bibitem>
  </relation>
</bibitem>